В этой статье Вы найдете несколько упражнений на перефразирование. В этом виде заданий дается предложение, а ваша задача заключается в том, чтобы выразить его основную мысль другими словами и грамматическими оборотами. Здесь Вы можете немного потренироваться в прохождении подобных упражнений.

Практические упражнения

Try to restate each sentence that you may see in this lesson by writing an alternative grammatical structure. Make changes to the grammar but do not make chances the meaning of the sentence. The first one for each structure is completed to give you example.

CHRONOLOGY
Example
Chronology: After the death of Queen Mary in 1558, her half-sister Elizabeth ascended the throne of England.
Restatement: Before Elizabeth ascended the throne of England in 1558, her sister Mary ruled.
1. Not until the Triassic Period did the first primitive mammals appear.
2. Glass became a major construction material during the late Middle Ages.
3. Helium replaced hydrogen as a power source for dirigibles because it was safer.
4. The Moriori people settled the Chatham Islands off the coast of New Zealand long before the Europeans arrived in 1791.
5. Always rinse your test tubes and pipettes with a small amount of distilled water before you store them in the lab cabinets.

COORDINATION
Example
Coordination: Before the introduction of the musical staff, composers preserved their work not only by writing it down but also by teaching it to a younger musician.
Restatement: Before the introduction of the musical staff, composers preserved their work by teaching it to a younger musician, not by writing a book.
1. Both genes and viruses are made of essential chemicals called nucleoproteins.
2. Successful managers neither proceed without a plan nor ignore opportunities that arise.
3. Technically, not only glass but also water are considered minerals.
4. Neither corn nor winter wheat are native to the Americas.
5. Ethnicity is usually based on race and religion as well as national origin.

CAUSE
Example
Cause: The diesel engine that runs on oil is more efficient than most other engines because it converts more of the useful energy stored in the fuel.
Restatement: The diesel engine runs more efficiently than most other engines because of the oil that converts more useful energy.
1. Psychologists suggest that incentives cause workers to increase productivity.
2. Because many flakes have been found in excavations of Stone Age settlements, anthropologists conclude that they were used as tools for cutting and scraping.
3. Too much water can cause plants to turn brown on the edges.
4. Blood pressure can become elevated as a result of increased salt consumption.
5. Since the interstate highway system linking roads across the country was built in the 1930s, most of the roads in the system need to be repaired.

COMPARISON
Example
Comparison: Although they are smaller in size, for the most part, chipmunks are like most other ground squirrels.
Restatement: Chipmunks are mostly like other ground squirrels except for smaller size.
1 Viruses and the first life forms that appeared on Earth millions of years ago have a similar structure.
2. The lungs have a higher oxygen concentration than the blood does.
3. The Indian Ocean is smaller but deeper than the Atlantic Ocean.
4. Picasso's work was not the same during various artistic periods.
5. The difference in the gravitational attraction of various places on the Earth's surface is the reason that the weight of objects is not the same.

CONCESSION
Example
Concession: Although oil paint tends to yellow with age, tempera colors vibrancy for centuries.
Restatement: Oil paint tends to yellow with age, but tempera colors retain vibrancy for centuries.
1. Whereas insulin levels are close to or above normal in type 2 diabetes, target cells cannot respond adequately.
2. Although the idea of an English language academy is regularly proposed, the response never been very positive.
3. Even though the Jovian planets are grouped together, each one has had a very different evolutionary history.
4. Despite the advantage that young people enjoy for recall in vocabulary studies, older people appear to be better at word recognition.
5. In spite of the fact that interviews are the most common strategy for assessing job applicants, they tend to have low validity.

NEGATIVE
Example
Negative: The addiction to gambling is not unlike the addiction to substances.
Restatement: The addiction to gambling is like the addiction to substances.

1. Not once has the geyser known as Old Faithful failed to erupt on time.
2. Nonstandard dialects are not used as educational models in schools.
3. Never has there been such wide access to news from so many media.
4. The construction of a city on the ruins of a previous settlement is not uncommon.
5. Not until the Triassic Period did the first primitive mammals develop.

PASSIVE
Example
Active statement: Sea gulls need either fresh or salt water for them to survive.
Restatement: Either fresh or salt water is needed by sea gulls for them to survive.
1. It is interesting that people over the age of 65 experience fewer mental health disorders.
2. In the stringed instruments, a bow produces the tones when it is played across a set of strings made of wire or gut.
3. High-frequency radiation from the Sun and other sources partly ionize gases in the ionosphere.
4. Architects can use a domed roof to conserve floor space.
5. The Egyptians used papyrus to make paper, sails, baskets, and clothing.

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